Aerobic Vaginitis (AV) is caused by aerobic pathogens triggering a localized vaginal inflammatory and immune response as evidenced by the clinical signs and symptoms including the presence of leukocyte infiltration marked by a depletion of healthy Lactobacillus species. Group B Streptococcus (GBS), Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis are often associated with AV. Its characteristics are different from those of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV). It is a common ailment often experienced by women diagnosed with BV who are then treated with traditional metronidazole therapy. Approximately 20% of women treated with metronidazole will fail to respond to therapy and will experience a recurrence of symptoms. It is believed that a subset of these may have been misdiagnosed and actually suffer from AV. AV may be implicated in complications of pregnancy such as ascending chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of the membranes, and preterm delivery. In this assay, DNA is extracted from the specimen and subjected to PCR amplification.